PMOS transistors are less vulnerable to substrate noise since they’re placed in separate wells; designers implement guard rings to attenuate the substrate noise propagation. However, substrate noise ...

A schematic diagram is not a detailed blueprint of an analog circuit; instead, it’s more like architectural sketch of the circuit. Look at any schematic for a CMOS analog IC circuit and you will see ...

All operational amplifier (op-amp) datasheets have an input voltage range limitation called the common-mode range. Strictly speaking, the common-mode voltage is the average voltage on the two inputs ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

For years—decades, in fact—the NMOS transistor world has been on cruise control. NMOS is naturally faster and its performance has scaled better than PMOS. PMOS has had a cost advantage. But lately, it ...

—The development of a process flow capable of demonstrating functionality of a monolithic complementary FET (CFET) transistor architecture is complex due to the need to vertically separate nMOS and ...

Even as industry moves into the era of the high k metal gate (HKMG) and FinFET transistor, chipmakers continue to seek ways to improve device performance. One of the latest advances and the subject of ...

Intel is in production with several 65-nm processors now, creating an inventory of commercial microprocessor products that will begin shipping early next year. At the IEDM conference, Intel showed die ...